Spinal revision surgery is a surgical procedure performed to correct issues arising from previous spinal surgeries, improve newly developed faulty outcomes, or address new spinal problems. These types of surgeries are necessary to resolve complications resulting from the initial operation or to treat problems that develop over time.
When is Spinal Revision Surgery Necessary?
Spinal revision surgery may be necessary due to various reasons, including:
- Pseudoarthrosis: A condition where the fusion process fails, leading to faulty joint movement.
- Implant Migration or Fracture: Movement or fracture of implants placed during surgery.
- Infection: Infections developing in the surgical area that complicate treatment and healing.
- Recurring Degeneration: Degenerative changes occurring in adjacent spinal segments after surgery.
- Recurrence of Spinal Stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal again after the operation.
- Development of Granulation Tissue: Excessive granulation tissue formation compressing nerve roots.
- Persistent Pain: Continued or increased pain despite the initial surgery.
Methods of Spinal Revision Surgery
Methods of revision surgery include:
Implant Replacement or Removal
Removal of implants causing health issues or damage, replaced if necessary with more suitable new implants.
Re-Fusion
Re-fusion of the area using new graft materials in cases where the initial fusion procedure failed.
Laminectomy or Foraminotomy
Expansion of the spinal canal or removal of tissues compressing nerve roots to relieve nerves.
Debridement and Infection Control
Cleaning the surgical area, removing infected materials, and controlling infection with antibiotics.
Restabilization
Adjustments of implants necessary to stabilize the spine again.
Risks and Complications of Spinal Revision Surgery
- Infection: Like any surgical procedure, spinal revision surgeries carry a risk of infection.
- Implant Rejection: There is a risk of rejection of implant materials by the body, although modern materials have reduced this risk.
- Neurological Damage: There is a slight risk of nerve damage during surgery, although this risk is minimal.
- CSF Fistula: Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid from the surgical site.
Spinal revision surgeries are generally complex and challenging procedures that require high levels of expertise. These surgeries aim to improve quality of life, reduce pain, and enhance the functional integrity of the spine. It is important for patients to undergo a comprehensive evaluation process before deciding on such surgery and to engage in open dialogue with their surgeons about the risks, benefits, and alternative treatment options available.